HIERARCHICAL,MULTILEVEL AND HYBRID INHERITANCE

Hierarchical inheritance

In these inheritance , derived class inherits property of Base Class but in these inheritance only one Base Class and multiple derived class are involved. In the Below program Class A is Base Class and Class B ,Class C ,Class D are derived class.(As Per below Diagram).

Example:

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

class A  //Base Class

{

    public:

    int a,b;

    void getnumber()

    {

    cout<<"\n\nEnter Number :::\t";

    cin>>a;

    }

};

class B : public A  //Derived Class 1

{

    public:

    void square()

    {

    getnumber();  //Call Base class property

    cout<<"\n\n\tSquare of the number :::\t"<<(a*a);

    cout<<"\n\n\t----------------------------------------------------";

    }

};

class C :public A //Derived Class 2

{

    public:

    void cube()

    {

    getnumber(); //Call Base class property

    cout<<"\n\n\tCube of the number :::\t"<<(a*a*a);

    cout<<"\n\n\t----------------------------------------------------";

    }

};

int main()

{

clrscr();

B b1;         //b1 is object of Derived class 1

b1.square();  //call member function of class B

C c1;         //c1 is object of Derived class 2

c1.cube();    //call member function of class C

getch();

}

OUTPUT

Multilevel Inheritance

When a class is derived from another derived class is called multilevel inheritance. It is implemented by defining at least three classes. In multilevel inheritance, there is one base class and the remaining two is derived class.

In the below program class bottom inherits property(member function) of class middle which is square() and class middle inherits property of class
top which is getdata().

Example:

#include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> class top                       //base class { public : int a; void getdata() { cout<<"\n\nEnter first Number :::\t"; cin>>a; } void putdata() { cout<<"\nFirst Number Is :::\t"<<a; } }; //First level inheritance class middle :public top      // class middle is derived_1 { public: int b; void square() { getdata(); b=a*a; cout<<"\n\nSquare Is :::"<<b; } }; //Second level inheritance class bottom :public middle    // class bottom is derived_2 { public: int c; void cube() { square(); c=b*a; cout<<"\n\nCube :::\t"<<c; } }; int main() { clrscr(); bottom b1; b1.cube(); getch(); }

OUTPUT

Hybrid Inheritance

Hybrid inheritance is combination of two or more inheritances such as single,multiple,multilevel or Hierarchical inheritances.

In the below program class B inherits property(member function) of class A which is base class and class D inherits property from class B and class C.

Example:

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

class A     //Base class

{

public:

int l;

void len()

{

cout<<"\n\nLenght :::\t";  

cin>>l;                  //Lenght is enter by user      

}

};

class B :public A   //Inherits property of class A

{

public:

int b,c;

void l_into_b()  

{

len();

cout<<"\n\nBreadth :::\t";

cin>>b;                      //Breadth is enter by user

c=b*l;                       //c stores value of lenght * Breadth i.e. (l*b) .  

}

};

class C

{

public:

int h;

void height()

{

cout<<"\n\nHeight :::\t";

cin>>h;                  //Height is enter by user

}

};

//Hybrid Inheritance Level

class D:public B,public C

{

public:

int res;

void result()

{

l_into_b();

height();

res=h*c;                          //res stores value of c*h  where c=l*b and h is height which is enter by user

cout<<"\n\nResult (l*b*h) :::\t"<<res;

}

};

int main()

{

clrscr();

D d1;

d1.result();

getch();

}

Output: